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Post Reply: Construction stagewise Quality Assurance & Quality Control Activities

<blockquote><div class="quotetitle">Quote from <a class="profile-link highlight-admin" href="https://pmri.in/forum/profile/pmdistilled/">pmdistilled</a> on 20/11/2024, 3:05 PM</div>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Seven stages of construction projects </h2>

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<li class="has-medium-font-size">Pre-construction stage </li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Mobilisation stage </li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Foundation &amp; Sub-structure construction</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Superstructure construction</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Intrior and exterior finishing </li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Testing &amp; Commissioning </li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Post construction stage </li>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Pre-construction stage </h2>

This phase inclide Project planning, design, procurement, and initial mobilization activities

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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Quality Assurance </h3>

Design Review: Review the project's design documents (plans, specifications, and calculations) to ensure compliance with relevant standards, codes, and client requirements.

Material and Vendor Selection: Ensure that materials and vendors are approved and meet the project’s quality standards and specifications.

Risk Assessment: Identify potential quality risks during the construction process and develop mitigation strategies.

Procurement and Contracting: Ensure that quality-related clauses are included in contracts with suppliers and contractors, including material specifications, workmanship, and performance standards.
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Quality Control Activities </h3>

Pre-qualification of Contractors/Subcontractors: Verify that contractors and subcontractors have the necessary qualifications, experience, and capability to deliver quality work.

Equipment Calibration: Ensure that construction equipment and instruments are calibrated correctly before use on-site.

Preparation of Quality Control Plans: Develop a QC plan outlining inspection procedures, testing protocols, and acceptance criteria.
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<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li class="has-medium-font-size">Pre-Construction Stage This phase includes project planning, design, procurement, and initial mobilisation activities. Quality Assurance Activities: Design Review: Review the project's design documents (plans, specifications, and calculations) to ensure compliance with relevant standards, codes, and client requirements. Material and Vendor Selection: Ensure that materials and vendors are approved and meet the project’s quality standards and specifications. Risk Assessment: Identify potential quality risks during the construction process and develop mitigation strategies. Procurement and Contracting: Ensure that quality-related clauses are included in contracts with suppliers and contractors, including material specifications, workmanship, and performance standards. Quality Control Activities: Pre-qualification of Contractors/Subcontractors: Verify that contractors and subcontractors have the necessary qualifications, experience, and capability to deliver quality work. Equipment Calibration: Ensure that construction equipment and instruments are calibrated correctly before use on-site. Preparation of Quality Control Plans: Develop a QC plan outlining inspection procedures, testing protocols, and acceptance criteria.</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Mobilisation Stage Involves setting up the construction site, bringing in equipment, and preparing to begin physical work. Quality Assurance Activities: Site Inspection: Perform a pre-construction site inspection to assess site conditions and verify that environmental, health, and safety regulations are in place. Quality Plan Review: Ensure that the project's Quality Management Plan (QMP) is ready for implementation and that it includes clear instructions for QC and QA procedures. Staff Training: Train staff on project-specific quality requirements, safety procedures, and equipment usage. Quality Control Activities: Material Approval: Verify that all materials delivered to the site meet the specifications in terms of quality and quantity. Testing of Materials: Conduct initial tests on critical materials (e.g., concrete, steel, soil) to confirm that they meet the required standards before use. Verification of Construction Equipment: Ensure that equipment is properly maintained, calibrated, and suited for the job at hand.</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Foundation and Substructure Construction This stage covers excavation, foundation pouring, and the initial phases of constructing the substructure (e.g., basement, columns, etc.). Quality Assurance Activities: Compliance with Codes: Ensure that the design is followed in the execution of the foundation works, including adherence to safety and building codes. Third-Party Inspections: Engage external experts or agencies to inspect key structural elements like piles, foundations, and excavation work. Documentation Review: Maintain proper documentation of inspections, tests, and approvals throughout this stage to ensure compliance with the project specifications. Quality Control Activities: Inspection of Excavation and Grading: Verify that excavation and grading are done to the correct depth, alignment, and compaction. Concrete Testing: Perform slump tests, cube tests, or cylinder tests on concrete to confirm strength, mix, and workability. Rebar Inspection: Check the placement, size, and condition of reinforcement bars before pouring concrete. Foundation Waterproofing: Inspect the quality and installation of any waterproofing systems in foundations.</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Superstructure Construction This phase includes the construction of the building's structural framework, such as walls, floors, roofs, and columns. Quality Assurance Activities: Design Compliance Verification: Regularly verify that construction is being carried out according to approved plans and specifications. Coordination of Contractors: Ensure that different contractors or subcontractors (e.g., for concrete, masonry, steel) work in coordination and meet quality expectations. Ongoing Safety and Environmental Checks: Maintain high safety and environmental standards through periodic audits and inspections. Quality Control Activities: Steel and Concrete Work Inspections: Conduct ongoing quality checks on concrete pours, steel welding/bolting, and masonry work to ensure compliance with structural requirements. Level and Alignment Checks: Use leveling instruments to verify that the construction elements are aligned correctly (e.g., floor slabs, beams, walls). Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Perform NDT (e.g., ultrasonic testing, radiography) on structural welds and joints to ensure integrity. Plumbing and Electrical Installation Inspections: Ensure that installations for plumbing, HVAC, and electrical systems are done correctly as per design, and are safely installed.</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Interior and Exterior Finishing This phase involves finalizing the construction of internal and external finishes such as plastering, painting, flooring, windows, and doors. Quality Assurance Activities: Quality Audits: Conduct regular audits to ensure that all finishes and final works meet the client’s requirements, design, and specifications. Supplier and Material Certifications: Verify that materials such as tiles, finishes, paints, and fixtures are from approved suppliers and meet industry standards. Pre-Final Inspection: Schedule pre-final inspections to ensure that all work is completed to quality standards before handover. Quality Control Activities: Surface and Finish Inspections: Inspect surfaces for defects (e.g., cracks, uneven surfaces, blemishes) and ensure that finishing materials (e.g., paint, tiles, flooring) are applied correctly. HVAC, Electrical, and Plumbing Inspections: Conduct thorough inspections of HVAC systems, plumbing, and electrical installations to ensure compliance with building codes and design. Door and Window Installations: Inspect for proper installation of doors, windows, and other fixtures, ensuring they are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and meet energy efficiency standards.</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Testing and Commissioning This phase involves the final testing of systems, equipment, and structures to ensure they function as intended before handover to the client. Quality Assurance Activities: System Verification: Ensure that all systems (e.g., HVAC, electrical, plumbing) are tested according to the specifications and operational requirements. Final Walkthrough: Conduct a final inspection with stakeholders (client, architect, contractor) to review the completed project and ensure satisfaction. Deficiency List: Develop a punch list of any remaining issues or defects that need to be corrected before project completion. Quality Control Activities: Testing of Building Systems: Perform functional tests on HVAC, electrical, plumbing, fire protection, and other systems to ensure they operate as designed. Safety and Compliance Checks: Verify compliance with building codes and safety standards, including fire exits, emergency systems, and structural stability. Finishing Quality Inspection: Conduct final inspections to check for any cosmetic or functional deficiencies (e.g., painting, flooring, cabinetry).</li>

<li class="has-medium-font-size">Post-Construction Stage This stage involves handing over the completed project to the client and addressing any post-completion concerns. Quality Assurance Activities: Final Handover Documentation: Provide the client with the necessary documentation, such as warranties, maintenance manuals, and as-built drawings. Client Feedback: Conduct a formal review with the client to gather feedback and confirm satisfaction with the project. Closeout Inspections: Ensure that any remaining issues or deficiencies identified during the final inspections are addressed. Quality Control Activities: Punch List Completion: Ensure that all items on the punch list are completed or corrected to the client’s satisfaction. Final System Testing: If required, perform a final round of testing or commissioning to ensure that systems are fully functional after any post-construction modifications.</li>
</ol>
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